{"id":4453,"date":"2023-03-15T10:37:39","date_gmt":"2023-03-15T10:37:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/absd.sk\/?p=4453"},"modified":"2024-07-31T10:06:13","modified_gmt":"2024-07-31T10:06:13","slug":"spravodajska-etika","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/absd.sk\/de\/spravodajska-etika\/","title":{"rendered":""},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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Juraj Kohutiar – Spravodajsk\u00e1 etika<\/h1>

Cel\u00fd \u010dl\u00e1nok<\/a><\/p>

Neofici\u00e1lna verzia 2006
Z anglick\u00e9ho origin\u00e1lu prelo\u017eil Pavel \u0160i\u0161a<\/h4>
Obsah:<\/div>

\u00davod
1. Na tajn\u00fdch slu\u017eb\u00e1ch je nie\u010do nekal\u00e9ho \u2013 treba sa ma\u0165 na pozore
2. Pre\u010do ich potrebujeme? \u2013 Mor\u00e1lne d\u00f4vody na existenciu tajn\u00fdch slu\u017eieb
3. Kto s\u00fa? \u010co robia?
4. Nie s\u00fa tak\u00e9, ak\u00e9 b\u00fdvali \u2013 nov\u00e9 v\u00fdzvy a nov\u00fd v\u00fdvoj
5. Skon\u010dia \u0161pi\u00f3ni po smrti v pekle? \u2013 Prostriedky a met\u00f3dy tajn\u00fdch slu\u017eieb
6. Ako rie\u0161i\u0165 dilemy? \u2013 Aplik\u00e1cia te\u00f3rie spravodlivej vojny na spravodajsk\u00fa \u010dinnos\u0165
7. Kde je bod rovnov\u00e1hy? \u2013 “\u0160peci\u00e1lne prostriedky” verzus “\u013eudsk\u00e9 pr\u00e1va”
8. Dokonal\u00fd \u0161pi\u00f3n \u2013 vn\u00fatorn\u00e1 kult\u00fara tajnej slu\u017eby<\/p>

\u00davod<\/h4>

V posledn\u00fdch 10 a\u017e 15 rokoch rastie z\u00e1ujem o “etiku spravodajskej \u010dinnosti”. O tejto t\u00e9me vy\u0161lo nieko\u013eko popul\u00e1rnych i odborn\u00fdch \u010dl\u00e1nkov, autori s dlhoro\u010dn\u00fdmi sk\u00fasenos\u0165ami v spravodajsk\u00fdch slu\u017eb\u00e1ch jej venuj\u00fa \u010doraz viac miesta vo svojich knih\u00e1ch. Napriek tomu st\u00e1le ch\u00fdba d\u00f4sledn\u00e1 mor\u00e1lna te\u00f3ria tajn\u00fdch slu\u017eieb. T\u00e1to pr\u00e1ca st\u00e1le \u010dak\u00e1 na odborn\u00edkov z oblasti etiky a mor\u00e1lky. Niet poch\u00fdb o tom, \u017ee r\u00f4zne filozofick\u00e9 \u0161koly by vedeli poskytn\u00fa\u0165 r\u00f4zne v\u00fdklady.<\/p>

Amb\u00edciou tejto pr\u00e1ce je poskytn\u00fa\u0165 o nie\u010do viac ako reakciu \u00fapln\u00e9ho amat\u00e9ra na mor\u00e1lne a etick\u00e9 dilemy tajn\u00fdch slu\u017eieb. Vych\u00e1dza zo zdrav\u00e9ho rozumu a pomerne \u0161iroko prij\u00edman\u00fdch princ\u00edpov. V pr\u00e1ci sa uv\u00e1dzaj\u00fa cit\u00e1ty z diel antick\u00fdch autorov ako pomerne najprijate\u013enej\u0161\u00edch (alebo aspo\u0148 najmenej kontroverzn\u00fdch) autor\u00edt, spolo\u010dn\u00fdch pre kult\u00faru V\u00fdchodu i Z\u00e1padu. V\u00fdber jedin\u00e9ho modern\u00e9ho filozofa Immanuela Kanta pre diskusiu o najzlo\u017eitej\u0161\u00edch t\u00e9mach vych\u00e1dza z toho, \u017ee je zrejme najtvrd\u0161\u00ed oponent prakt\u00edk tajn\u00fdch slu\u017eieb. Je samozrejm\u00e9, \u017ee s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00e1 odborn\u00e1 literat\u00fara posl\u00fa\u017eila na konzult\u00e1ciu. Zvl\u00e1\u0161tna v\u010faka patr\u00ed b\u00fdval\u00e9mu riadite\u013eovi \u010deskej spravodajskej slu\u017eby Petrovi Zemanovi, m\u00f4jmu d\u00e1vnemu priate\u013eovi, ktor\u00fd trpezlivo sledoval zrod tejto kni\u017eky, prispieval svojimi pripomienkami a pozn\u00e1mkami a ktor\u00e9ho tu \u010dasto citujem. Cie\u013eom publik\u00e1cie je najm\u00e4 poskytn\u00fa\u0165 pomoc t\u00fdm, ktor\u00ed predn\u00e1\u0161aj\u00fa o tejto t\u00e9me, ako aj ich \u0161tudentom, m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 v\u0161ak u\u017eito\u010dn\u00e1 pre pr\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edkov tajn\u00fdch slu\u017eieb alebo aj pre \u013eud\u00ed mimo nich, ktor\u00ed prich\u00e1dzaj\u00fa v r\u00e1mci svojej pr\u00e1ce do styku s touto oblas\u0165ou\u2013politikov, poslancov, pracovn\u00edkov just\u00edcie…<\/p>

Cie\u013eom knihy je venova\u0165 sa najbe\u017enej\u0161\u00edm a najnaliehavej\u0161\u00edm etick\u00fdm probl\u00e9mom, \u010di u\u017e s\u00fa predmetom ob\u00e1v verejnosti alebo sa vyn\u00e1raj\u00fa po\u010das ka\u017edodennej pr\u00e1ce tajn\u00fdch slu\u017eieb. Kapitola 1 prezentuje tieto probl\u00e9my a kapitola 2 zd\u00f4vod\u0148uje potrebu a samotn\u00fa existenciu tajn\u00fdch slu\u017eieb . Je tu poh\u013ead na historick\u00fa perspekt\u00edvu t\u00fdchto slu\u017eieb, ich existenciu v dobr\u00fdch a zl\u00fdch \u0161t\u00e1toch, ako aj na ich v\u00fdznam v modernej dobe a v demokracii. Meniaci sa charakter a \u00falohy tajn\u00fdch slu\u017eieb v historickej perspekt\u00edve prezentuje kapitola 3, uv\u00e1dzaj\u00fa sa r\u00f4zne typy tajn\u00fdch slu\u017eieb a ich \u0161pecifik\u00e1. H\u013ead\u00e1 sa defin\u00edcia pojmu “spravodajsk\u00e1 inform\u00e1cia” a diskutuje sa o klesaj\u00facej \u00falohe “klasickej \u0161pion\u00e1\u017ee” v s\u00fa\u010dasnosti. Kapitola 4 sa zaober\u00e1 dopadom zmien v prostred\u00ed spravodajsk\u00fdch slu\u017eieb za posledn\u00fdch 20 rokov, najm\u00e4 po skon\u010den\u00ed studenej vojny, vzh\u013eadom na rast organizovan\u00e9ho zlo\u010dinu, st\u00fapaj\u00face vedomie verejnosti o \u013eudsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1vach, revolu\u010dn\u00e9 zmeny v oblasti techniky a informatiky, \u0161\u00edrenie terorizmu a vzostup medzin\u00e1rodnej spolupr\u00e1ce. V kapitole 5 sa rozoberaj\u00fa mor\u00e1lne a etick\u00e9 dilemy s\u00favisiace s pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00edm \u0161pecifick\u00fdch prostriedkov a met\u00f3d tajn\u00fdmi slu\u017ebami. Kapitola 6 predstavuje krit\u00e9ri\u00e1 te\u00f3rie spravodlivej vojny a navrhuje ich aplik\u00e1ciu pre spravodajsk\u00fa \u010dinnos\u0165. V kapitole 7 sa sk\u00fama rovnov\u00e1ha medzi naru\u0161ovan\u00edm pr\u00e1v jednotlivca a potrebou kolekt\u00edvnej bezpe\u010dnosti. Posledn\u00e1 kapitola 8 h\u013ead\u00e1 vlastnosti “dokonal\u00e9ho \u0161pi\u00f3na” ako aj individu\u00e1lny a kolekt\u00edvny etos t\u00fdch, ktor\u00ed pracuj\u00fa v tajn\u00fdch slu\u017eb\u00e1ch.<\/p>

Vzh\u013eadom na nedostatok presnosti v popul\u00e1rne pou\u017e\u00edvanej terminol\u00f3gii v celej knihe pou\u017e\u00edvam v\u0161eobecn\u00fd a trochu neobratn\u00fd v\u00fdraz “tajn\u00e9 slu\u017eby”, \u010d\u00edm mysl\u00edm najm\u00e4 slu\u017eby zahrani\u010dn\u00e9ho spravodajstva a vn\u00fatorn\u00e9 bezpe\u010dnostn\u00e9 slu\u017eby. Kniha obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 ne\u0161pecifikuje rozdiely medzi r\u00f4znymi typmi tajn\u00fdch slu\u017eieb a de\u013ebu pr\u00e1ce medzi nimi, v tomto je celkom v\u0161eobecn\u00e1, zameriava sa hlavne na etick\u00e9 probl\u00e9my operat\u00edvnej pr\u00e1ce (v zahrani\u010d\u00ed i vn\u00fatro\u0161t\u00e1tne).<\/p>

Autori, ktor\u00ed p\u00ed\u0161u o spravodajskej \u010dinnosti, niekedy \u017eartuj\u00fa, \u017ee kniha o etike spravodajskej \u010dinnosti mus\u00ed by\u0165 ve\u013emi kr\u00e1tka. T\u00e1to kniha je pomerne kr\u00e1tka na to, aby pokryla v\u0161etky mo\u017en\u00e9 dilemy a niektor\u00ed \u010ditatelia m\u00f4\u017eu ma\u0165 pocit, \u017ee by bolo treba e\u0161te viac. Napriek tomu si mysl\u00edm, \u017ee by mohla posl\u00fa\u017ei\u0165 ako \u00favod do \u010fal\u0161ieho sk\u00famania…<\/p>

Cel\u00fd \u010dl\u00e1nok<\/a><\/p>

Autor<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div>

\u00a0<\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[60,57],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4453","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-clanky","category-vyber"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/absd.sk\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4453","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/absd.sk\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/absd.sk\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/absd.sk\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/absd.sk\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4453"}],"version-history":[{"count":20,"href":"https:\/\/absd.sk\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4453\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5043,"href":"https:\/\/absd.sk\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4453\/revisions\/5043"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/absd.sk\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4453"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/absd.sk\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4453"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/absd.sk\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4453"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}